Digitalization of Criminal Justice Processes by Amending Police Rules
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Digitalization of Criminal Justice Processes
- Collecting Digital Evidence
- Digital Daily Diary in Police Stations
- Digital First Information Reports (FIRs)
- Digital Witness Statements and Case Diaries
- Future Steps
- Conclusion
- Advocate Muhammad Amin (Contact Information)
Introduction
Information Technology (IT) has changed many parts of life, including law enforcement. In Pakistan, the government started using IT for legal purposes in the early 2000s by creating the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) under the NADRA Ordinance, 2000. Since then, IT has played a key role in modern policing and criminal justice.
Punjab Police has led in using IT for police work. They introduced digital systems like the Police Station Record Management System (PSRMS), the digital Crime Record Office (e-CRO), and the Human Resource Management System (HRMS). Other services like Khidmat Markaz, helplines 1787 and 15, and the Punjab Safe Cities Authority Act, 2016, have also improved public service and security. However, using technology in policing has created legal issues that require changes in police rules.
Digitalization of Criminal Justice Processes
The criminal justice system must integrate technology to improve efficiency, transparency, and accountability. Courts in Pakistan have handled many cases that highlight the importance of using technology in criminal procedures. These processes ensure that police and prosecutors follow legal procedures when handling evidence and cases.
Collecting Digital Evidence
The Supreme Court recently ruled that police and investigation agencies must collect digital evidence, such as videos and photos, to confirm an accused person’s presence at a crime scene. This decision allows the use of digital evidence in search, seizure, and arrest processes. However, the court’s previous rulings set different standards for digital evidence, which must be clarified.
Digital Daily Diary in Police Stations
Police officers record their activities in a document called the daily diary (Register Number 2). The Police Rules, 1934, required them to maintain this diary manually. In 2017, Punjab Police allowed both manual and digital records. However, differences between the two created confusion.
In January 2024, Justice Ali Zia Bajwa of the Lahore High Court ruled that manual records should take priority in case of discrepancies. To resolve this, Punjab Police changed the rules and made digital records the only official format. This update helps integrate digital records into the criminal justice system.
Digital First Information Reports (FIRs)
The new amendments allow police to use digital FIRs with QR codes. Police must issue five digital copies, including one for the District Public Prosecutor. This change improves coordination between police and prosecution and gives legal status to digital FIRs.
Digital Witness Statements and Case Diaries
Previously, police had to record witness statements by hand under Section 161 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Cr.P.C.). Case diaries, which record investigation steps, were also only available in manual form. New amendments now allow police to record both in digital format, making investigations faster and more reliable.
Future Steps
The recent changes to police rules are an important step towards modernizing the legal system. However, further improvements are necessary. Future changes should focus on:
- International Cooperation: Setting rules for sharing digital evidence with other countries.
- Border Management Systems: Using digital tools to strengthen border security.
- Cybersecurity: Protecting digital systems used in criminal justice.
- Online Safety: Improving protection for women and children against cybercrimes.
Conclusion
Digitalizing criminal justice processes improves law enforcement and ensures justice. The recent amendments to police rules create a strong foundation for using technology in policing. Moving forward, Pakistan must continue updating laws and policies to keep up with new technology. A modern, IT-based legal system will help maintain law and order while protecting citizens.
Advocate Muhammad Amin
For legal assistance regarding digital criminal justice processes, contact Advocate Muhammad Amin at 0313 9708019. He specializes in legal matters related to law enforcement, digital evidence, and criminal justice reforms.